The trailer decides the rate more than the lane does.

If you know what you're ordering and why, the quote conversation changes. Equipment types on the left of your invoice, accessorial fees on the right, both explained in plain terms.

Equipment

Enclosed: box trailers.

Dry Van 53′

CarriesPalletized and boxed freight, about 26 pallet positions. The default for most LTL and truckload moves.
Rate driverAvailability. Vans are everywhere, so the lane and timing set the price.

Dry Van 48′

CarriesThe same freight as a 53′, about 22 pallets. Common on regional and urban routes.
Rate driverScarcity. Fewer 48s on the road, so they can price close to 53s.

Pup Trailer (28′)

CarriesLTL freight. Pups link together in doubles for line-haul, then split for local delivery.
Rate driverLine-haul vs. local mix. Your LTL price is built from these legs.

Reefer

CarriesTemperature-controlled freight: food, beverage, pharma. Set point held from dock to dock.
Rate driverEquipment scarcity plus fuel for the unit. Reefer rates hold a stubborn premium.

Heated Van

CarriesFreeze-sensitive freight in winter: paint, chemicals, some food products.
Rate driverSeasonal. Cheap in July, scarce and priced accordingly in January.

Sprinter / Cube Van

CarriesParcel-scale freight: a few skids or rolling carts, dock-to-door fast.
Rate driverSpeed and access, not distance. You're paying for the same-day window.
Equipment

Open deck.

Flatbed

CarriesFreight that won't fit or can't go in a van: steel, lumber, machinery, crated equipment.
Rate driverTarping, securing, and weather risk, plus driver labour at both ends.

Step Deck (Drop Deck)

CarriesTall freight, up to about 10′ loaded, that a flatbed or van door can't take.
Rate driverPermits and escorts creep in as height grows.

Double Drop / Lowboy

CarriesHeavy equipment and oversized loads: excavators, transformers, industrial machinery.
Rate driverPermits, escorts, and route planning. The rate is mostly paperwork.

Curtain Side / Conestoga

CarriesFlatbed freight that needs weather protection without the tarping labour.
Rate driverEquipment scarcity. Fewer of these exist, and they price like it.
Equipment

Bulk & specialized.

Tanker

CarriesLiquid bulk: food-grade, chemical, fuel, in dedicated trailers.
Rate driverWashouts and commodity certification between loads.

Pneumatic / Hopper

CarriesDry bulk: flour, cement, plastic resin, feed.
Rate driverLoading and unloading equipment and time at the silo.

Live Floor (Walking Floor)

CarriesPallets, recyclables, and bulk that unloads itself by moving floor slats.
Rate driverNo dock or forklift needed at delivery. You're paying to skip the receiver's equipment.

Intermodal Container + Chassis

Carries20′, 40′, and 53′ boxes that move by truck and rail without touching the cargo.
Rate driverRail leg plus chassis rental. Cheaper on long lanes, slower door to door.
Accessorial fees

Everything after the line-haul.

Individually small; collectively where invoice surprises live. The tips mark the fees most often worth a phone call.

Time-based

Detention

The most disputed line in freight.

The truck waits past an agreed free period, usually 2 hours, and the meter runs per hour. Start times are rarely recorded. If your record doesn't show when the truck arrived, you're paying from their word.

LiveLOADS tip: Challenge often

Layover

The driver is held overnight: load cancelled, receiver closed, freight not ready. Typically a flat fee plus the lost day.

TONU — Truck Order Not Used

A cancellation fee when a truck shows up and the load isn't there. Legitimate inside the carrier's cutoff window; worth questioning outside it.

LiveLOADS tip: Read the cutoff

Storage

Freight or a trailer held at a terminal past free time. Avoidable with a scheduled delivery. Expensive without one.

Demurrage

The container version of detention: chassis and box sitting at port or rail yard too long. Grows daily, and it compounds.

Handling & delivery

Liftgate

A mechanical lift for deliveries with no dock. Legitimate at retail and residential stops; questionable at a warehouse that has one.

LiveLOADS tip: Verify need

Inside Delivery

Moved beyond the tailgate or curb: into a store, up a ramp, to a specific door.

Residential / Limited Access

Homes, farms, camps, some retail strips, anywhere a 53′ shouldn't be. Often bundled quietly into LTL quotes.

Appointment / Notification

A scheduled window at the receiver. Some carriers charge to make the call; some build it in. Worth knowing which before the invoice arrives.

Re-Delivery

First attempt failed: dock closed, no receiver, refused. A flat fee that stacks fast when appointment details live in email.

LiveLOADS tip: Challenge often

Lumper Fee

Third-party unloading at a distribution centre, charged back to the load. Legitimate; the paperwork proving it sometimes isn't.

Driver Assist / Hand Unload

The driver helps unload. Small fee, real labour, and a flag that your dock may be understaffed.

Distance & structure

Fuel Surcharge (FSC)

A floating percentage tied to a diesel index, recalculated weekly or monthly. Moves with the market, and rarely gets re-checked when the market falls.

Stop-Off Charge

Each extra pickup or drop beyond the first. Multi-stop LTL is priced from these. Know the count before you quote.

Scale / Reweigh Fee

Verification weighing when declared weight looks off. If this appears regularly, the fix is better data at origin, not bigger fees.

After-Hours / Weekend

Pickup or delivery outside standard windows. Sometimes unavoidable, always quotable in advance.

Customs / Border Fees

Cross-border paperwork and brokerage handling. Fixed per shipment, and worth folding into the lane rate conversation.

The pattern

Accessorials survive on missing records.

Detention without an arrival time, re-delivery without an appointment, TONU outside the cutoff. Every one of these is a claim against your invoice that your own record can confirm or kill.

Quoted rate against billed rate, line by line, before the money goes out. That's invoice match, and it's where accessorial budgets go to be reborn.

See which fees your record would kill.

A free 20-minute audit of your last 30 days of shipping. We map the three money leaks in your operation. Keep the map either way.

Book your free audit